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    National identification and support for discriminatory policies: The mediating role of beliefs about laicite in France
    (Wiley, 2019) Adam-Troian, Jais; Arciszewski, Thomas; Apostolidis, Themistoklis
    In France, laicite is a legal principle enforcing State secularism. However, research indicates that Modern (vs. traditional) beliefs about laicite (ML) help legitimate prejudice against minorities. From Social Identity Theory, we hypothesized that ML should be positively linked with national identification, stereotyping, prejudice and support for discrimination. Accordingly, we demonstrate that ML independently predicts support for discriminatory policies (Study 1a, N = 241) and Maghrebi IAT scores (Study 1b, N = 242). ML mediates the link between national identification and Generalized Prejudice (Study 2a, N = 215; Study 2d, N = 114) as well as Support for Discriminatory Policies (Study 2b, N = 250). Experimental corroboration of this mediation was provided (Study 2c, N = 100). An exploratory study showed that priming ML led to more support for discrimination through national identification (Study 3, N = 89). These results reveal the important intergroup regulation feature of ML beliefs in France.
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    Positive Associations Between Anomia and Intentions to Engage in Political Violence: Cross-Cultural Evidence From Four Countries
    (Amer Psychological Assoc, 2020) Adam-Troian, Jais; Bonetto, Eric; Araujo, Marcos; Baidada, Ouissam; Celebi, Elif; Martin, Marcos Dono; Eadeh, Fade
    Psychological research suggests that politically motivated violence (e.g., terrorism) partially stems from existential motives, and more specifically from individuals' need to achieve significance in life (SignifIcance Quest Theory [SQT]; Kruglanski et al., 2014). Interestingly, sociological research has established similar findings linking anomia-a syndrome including feelings of meaninglessness, powerlessness, isolation, self-estrangement and normlessness-with violent behavior. In line with SQT, the present contribution aimed to test for the first time if anomia could be linked with political violence. Results from a study conducted in four countries (Brazil, Turkey, Belgium, and France; N = 1,240) supported this hypothesis by revealing a consistent, small-to-medium-sized positive correlation between anomia and intentions to display political violence (r = .21, 95% CI [.14,.28]) among undergraduate samples. This link held across countries, independently of political ideology. These results highlight the theoretical and practical usefulness of considering the role of anomia in explaining violent political behavior. Public Significance Statement Politically motivated violence stems from various psychological motives such as the need to restore significance, meaning or control in one's life. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that anomia, a generalized feeling of being meaningless, powerless, isolated and alienated is linked with intentions to engage in political violence across cultures and political ideologies. Anomia may therefore constitute a single unifying psychological construct to study radicalization and violent extremism.
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    Return of the repressed: Exposure to police violence increases protest and self-sacrifice intentions for the Yellow Vests
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2020) Adam-Troian, Jais; Celebi, Elif; Mahfud, Yara
    Worldwide, it is not uncommon to observe violent police reactions against social movements. These are often rationalized by decision makers as efficient ways to contain violence from protesters. In France for instance, the ongoing Yellow Vests protests have generated an unprecedented number of casualties, injuries, and convictions among protesters. But was this response efficient in diminishing violence stemming from the Yellow Vests? To this day, little is known about the psychological consequences of police violence in the context of protests. Combining insights from Significance Quest Theory and the Social Identity perspective on collective action, we predicted that exposure to police violence could backfire and lead to increased radicalization of protesters. A cross-sectional investigation of 523 Yellow Vests yielded evidence for this hypothesis. We found positive direct effects of exposure to police violence on intentions to attend future demonstrations and to self-sacrifice for the Yellow Vests. Moreover, these effects were serially mediated by perceived Loss of Significance and Identification with the Yellow Vests. Paradoxically, these results highlight for the first time the mechanism through which political repression may contribute to the formation of radical politicized identities. Thus, we recommend that decision makers privilege the use of de-escalation techniques in protest policing whenever possible.
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    Together we stand? Belonging motive moderates the effect of national ingroup salience on attitudes towards ethnic minorities
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Adam-Troian, Jais; Celebi, Elif; Bonetto, Eric; Tasdemir, Nagihan; Yurtbakan, Taylan
    Common ingroup categorization reduces outgroup prejudice. This link is moderated by distinctiveness motives (i.e., individuals perceiving this identity as too inclusive). Yet, Optimal Distinctiveness Theory states that both distinctiveness and belonging motives shape intergroup attitudes. For the first time we tested the hypothesis that belonging and distinctiveness motives jointly moderate common ingroup categorization effects. Using a flag-priming paradigm, two studies showed that, when national ingroup identity was salient, only belonging motives predicted positive attitudes towards outgroups (Studyl: Syrians in Turkey, N = 184; Study 2: Maghrebis in France N = 151). This was corroborated by sensitivity analyses on aggregated data (N = 335). These results suggest that national identification may lead to positive outgroup attitudes for individuals who derive belonging from it.
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    Unfounded beliefs among teachers: The interactive role of rationality priming and cognitive ability
    (Wiley, 2019) Adam-Troian, Jais; Caroti, Denis; Arciszewski, Thomas; Stahl, Tomas
    Previous research suggests that unfounded beliefs (UB)-such as conspiracist beliefs and beliefs in the supernatural-stem from similar cognitive and motivational mechanisms. More specifically, it has been demonstrated that cognitive ability is negatively associated with UB but only among individuals who value epistemic rationality. The present study goes beyond previous correlational studies by examining whether the negative association between cognitive ability and UB can be strengthened through a subtle rationality prime. In a large scale online experiment (N = 762 French teachers), we demonstrate that priming rationality (vs. control) does enhance the negative relationship between cognitive ability and adherence to supernatural beliefs, as well as conspiracy mentality (d = 0.2). This effect was not obtained for illusory pattern perception. This study's usefulness as a proof of concept for future interventions aimed at reducing UB prevalence among the general public is discussed.