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Öğe A 3D-Printed Magnetic Focus Actuator for Laser Scanning Capsule Endoscopy(Ieee, 2024) Erdil, Kuter; Kebapcioglu, Berkay; Erten, Ahmet Can; Yelten, Mustafa Berke; Ferhanoglu, OnurWe report the design, manufacturing, and characterization results of a magnetic focus actuator and integrated circuit driver for use with miniaturized laser scanning capsule endoscopy. The capsule structure comprises: (1) a magnet-attached, SLA-printed focus actuator, (2) a lens and its housing, (3) a laser diode inserted into the electro coil, and (4) an actuator driver IC, which provides alternating current output at 32 Hz by down-converting the crystal frequency multiple times to match the mechanical resonance of the actuator itself. Due to the restricted power provided by the battery within the capsule, the IC is designed to mitigate higher harmonics for improved energy efficiency. Focus actuation tests were conducted following the assembly of the actuator and IC within the capsule, showcasing a total focal shift of 3.22 mm due to the interaction between the electro coil and Nd magnets.Öğe A disposable MEMS biosensor for aflatoxin M1 molecule detection(Elsevier Science Sa, 2022) Erdil, Kuter; Akcan, O. Gokalp; Gul, Ozguer; Gokdel, Y. DaghanIn this work, a paper-based perforated disposable biosensing device is proposed as an alternative method for aflatoxin M1 molecule detection. The demonstrated system is designed to achieve a quick and novel biosensing operation with low-cost materials using competitive assay method. For that purpose, the main fabrication material has opted as a 190 izm thick filter paper. 50 izm thick piezoresistive graphite paste is coated onto both sides of the paper-based cantilever beam with the aim of acquiring more sensitive magnetic nanoparticle weight sensing capability. Additionally, the structure has arrays of closely spaced perforations to augmented effective Young's modulus of the cantilever beam and further increase the system's sensitivity. An electrocoil positioned 1 mm below the sensor tip to apply an H(ext )and magnetically increase weight of the aflatoxin M1 with bovine serum albumin compound. An electronic read-out circuitry is implemented and integrated into the system. Average values of sensitivity and limit of detection (LoD) for each detection approach were calculated without blank subtraction and are shown with the standard error of the mean (SEM). LoD is calculated as 4.63 izg AFM1 which corresponds to 0.20127 V/V after subtracting standard deviation from the average value. It is experimentally demonstrated that the proposed system can detect a minimum of 14 izg of AFM1 molecules (0.14155 V/V). We magnetically amplified this tiny fragment of targeted molecules approximately 2731 times to 38.237 mg and made it detectable even with a disposable system. The sensitivity of the proposed system is 45.953 izV/mg. Finally, the maximum detectable AFM1 weight is reported as 71 izg.Öğe Anisotropic and Tunable Vocal Fold Phantom for Biomechanical Modeling(Ieee, 2025) Sarrafzadeh, Afarin; Erdil, Kuter; Tavli, Onur; Ferhanoglu, Onur; Erten, Ahmet C.Modeling the human vocal folds using an accurate vocal fold replica with exact characteristics such as anisotropic behavior and tunable mechanical properties remains challenging. In this study, we have introduced an effective and simplified approach to overcome vocal fold modeling challenges and achieve more realistic samples by using a silicon-based cubic phantom with a natural latex rubber tube embedded in the center of the cube. Young's modulus tunability in the longitudinal direction was achieved with a variation in water-to-air ratio inside the tube within the physiological range of 2 to 40 kPa while maintaining a constant Young's modulus in the transverse direction. Finite element simulations based on COMSOL in addition to experimental testing verified the effectiveness of the method indicating that reaching higher stiffness in the longitudinal direction by increasing the amount of water preserved anisotropic behavior. In summary, the main contribution of this study is introduction of an alternative approach to modelling the vocal fold with precise Young's modulus values within a single sample by adjusting the water ratio, which increases precision in experiments and reduces fabrication times.Öğe Computational and Experimental Modeling of Vocal Fold Pathology in a Realistic Phonation System(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025) Erdil, Kuter; Tavlı, Onur; Yaran, Hakan; Ferhanoglu, OnurThis study investigates the vibratory behavior of healthy and sulcus vocalis-affected vocal folds through a combined experimental and computational approach. Silicone vocal fold models with tunable mechanical properties are fabricated using a mold-based method. Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations reveal altered resonance patterns caused by sulcus pathology, particularly within the frequency range of 100–140 Hz. An experimental phonation setup employing chopper-modulated airflow and stroboscopic imaging captures the vibratory responses. Initial tests conducted with 15 kPa silicone confirm alterations in resonance modes, demonstrating the system’s potential for analyzing vocal fold disorders. ©2025 IEEE.Öğe Design and fabrication of a low-cost piezoresistive MEMS biosensor for aflatoxin detection(İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, 2021) Erdil, Kuter; Gökdel, Yiğit DağhanBu tez dahilinde, aflatoksin maddesinin tespiti için alternatif bir yöntem olarak sunulan kağıt tabanlı, delikli yapıda, çift tarafı piyezodirenç tabakalı ve aynı zamanda tek kullanımlık bir biyoalgılama sistemi tasarlanmış, üretilmiş ve kalibre edilmiştir. Burada altın standart bir biyoalgılama cihazı önermekten ziyade bünyesinde yenilikli bir yöntem barındıran, ucuz, son kullanıcı için uygun ve yeterince hassas bir cihaz sunulmuştur. Gösterilen sistem, bu nitelikte bir biyoalgılama işlemini düşük maliyetli malzemelerle gerçekleştirmek için tasarlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, önerilen tek kullanımlık biyoalgılayıcının ana üretim malzemesi 190 um kalınlığında olan belirli bir filtre kağıdı seçilmiştir. Daha hassas AFM1 ağırlıklarını algılama yeteneği elde etmek amacıyla, kağıt tabanlı konsol kiriş yapısının her iki tarafına yaklaşık 50 um kalınlığında piyezodirenç grafit macun kaplanmıştır. Önerilen kağıt tabanlı konsol kiriş yapısının bükülmesini kolaylaştırmak ve sistemin hassasiyetini daha da artırmak için belirli bir düzende delikler açılmıştır. Biyoalgılayıcının uç kısmının hemen altında yer alacak şekilde bir elektromanyetik bobin, daha sonra uca sabitlenecek BSA-AFM1 bileşiğinde mevcut olan manyetik nanoparçacıkların (Fe3O4) tepki vermesi amacıyla sisteme dahil edilmiştir. Böylelikle AFM1'in etkin kütlesi, 142 ug'dan 9.25 mg'a 65,24 kat büyük gözükecek şekilde yüksektilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, bir çevresel elektronik okuma devresi geliştirilmiştir ve algılama sistemine entegre edilmiştir. Önerilen biyoalgılama sisteminin, cihaz başına maliyeti 0.02 ABD Doları olup 142 ug çözünürlüğü ve 248 ug'a kadar olan çalışma aralığı ile aflatoksin M1 moleküllerini ölçebildiği deneysel olarak gösterilmiştir. Ölçülen aflatoksin M1 parçacıklarının ağırlıkları, rekabetçi ELISA metodu sayesinde aflatoksin maddesinin tespit edilebilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Nihayete erdirilmiş biyoalgılayıcı 2.82 uV/ug aflatoksin M1 molekülü hassasiyete sahiptir. Aynı zamanda, önerilen biyoalgılayıcı yapısı 3.89 mV/mN hassasiyete sahip bir kuvvet algılayıcı olarak da hizmet verebilmektedir.Öğe Disposable Piezoresistive MEMS Airflow Sensor for Chronic Respiratory Disease Detection(Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2025) Aygul, Beril; Ulgaz, Sena; Yilmaz, Berkay; Akcan, Omer Gokalp; Erdil, Kuter; Gokdel, Yigit DaghanThis paper details the design, fabrication, and characterization of a novel disposable MEMS airflow sensor, employing Bare Conductive electric paint deposited on Whatman 3MM chromatography paper through silk screen printing. The sensor achieves rapid fabrication within 30 minutes. It demonstrates a sensitivity of 1.8 kPa(-1) , a resolution of 27.6 kPa, and a limit of detection (LoD) of 48.94 kPa, with an operational pressure range from 27.6 to 137.9 kPa. An electronic readout circuit transduces electrical resistance variations into voltage signals, which are monitored via a digital multimeter and analyzed on a PC. The sensor's disposable nature mitigates nosocomial infection risks and enhances hygiene, making it ideal for monitoring respiratory conditions such as asthma and COPD. With a material cost of under 0.1, the sensor is highly suitable for scalable, cost-sensitive biomedical applications. Experimental validation confirms the reliability and precision of this proof-of-concept device in airflow measurement. 2024-0148Öğe Electromagnetically actuated 3D-printed tunable optical slit device(Optica Publishing Group, 2023) Erdil, Kuter; Gurcuoglu, Oguz; Ferhanoglu, OnurThis paper presents the design, manufacturing, and characterization of a three-dimensional (3D)-printed and electromagnetically actuated adjustable optical slit structure. The device comprises magnet-attached slits connected to the main frame via two springs controlled by external coils. To analyze the forces acting on the springs and simulate the mechanical behavior of the device, we developed both analytical and finite-element models. After fabricating the device using fused deposition, we conducted a series of tests to evaluate its performance. These tests included (1) analyzing the opacity of the slit blade as a function of its thickness, (2) measuring the temperature increase resulting from the power applied to the coils to determine the operable range of the structure, and (3) evaluating the hysteresis, repeatability, and resolution (minimum step) of the device. The experimental works were crucial to assessing the device's practicality and optimizing its performance for specific applications, which reveals a maximum slit width of similar to 450 mu m, with similar to 6.4 mu m step size within this study. Overall, our developed slit device has the potential to be useful in various optics-related laboratories due to its compatibility with conventional 1-inch (25.4 mm) diameter optomechanical mounts, compact form, low power consumption, and rapid prototyping capability with hybrid materials in a cost-friendly fashion, owing to the 3D-printing technology. We discuss an application where the adjustable slit is employed in a combined laser-scanning microscope and a spectrometer, highlighting its versatility and potential for the future. (c) 2023 Optica Publishing GroupÖğe Flexible Linear Absolute Encoder System for Force Localization in Soft Environments(IEEE, 2020) Erdil, Kuter; Korkut, Dogukan; Akcan, O. Gokalp; Muslu, Batin; Gokdel, Y. Daghan; Baran, Eray A.This paper proposes a novel disposable linear absolute encoder system and its peripheral electronic readout circuitry to be used for the localization of force in a continuum media such as a flexible robotic arm. The proposed structure relies on the design of graphite layers on a flexible surface that shows varying resistance based on the applied strain. The proposed topology can localize the force applied on a continuous paper based sensor having the geometry of an absolute encoder system. The successful results obtained from the experiments prove the efficacy of the proposed system while opening new paradigms for the possibility of contact force localization in flexible structures like soft robots.Öğe Flexible printed circuit board for biomolecule weight sensing(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2025) Ulgaz, Sena; Yilmaz, Berkay; Aygul, Beril; Akcan, O. Gokalp; Erdil, Kuter; Gokdel, Y. DadhanThis work presents the design, implementation, and characterization of a piezoresistive force sensor integrated into a flexible printed circuit board (FlexPCB). We propose a flexPCB-based MEMS sensing system with graphite as the sensing element and polyimide as the principal substrate material, intended for disposable and low-cost applications. The sensor, which was manufactured using a conventional PCB technique and silk-screen printing, can detect biomolecules attached to nanomagnetic particles with an apparent weight of 0.209 V/V mg-1 when exposed to an applied magnetic field. Within a detection range of 0-80 mu g, the sensor delivers a resolution of 10 mu g and a limit of detection of 21.16 mu g. While the detection limit reflects the weight of the nanomagnetic particle, the actual sensitivity to the biomolecule is substantially higher, allowing the system to detect lower biomolecule quantities effectively.Öğe Magnetic actuator driver system for laser scanning capsule endoscopy(Elsevier Gmbh, 2025) Kebapcioglu, Berkay; Erdil, Kuter; Erten, Ahmet Can; Ferhanoglu, Onur; Yelten, Mustafa BerkeThis paper focuses on designing and implementing a power and area-efficient magnetic actuator driver interface integrated circuit for laser scanning capsule endoscopy. The proposed system contains a 3D-printed focus- adjusting actuator embarking a lens, multiple magnets, an external coil, battery, laser, and actuator driver integrated circuit with off-chip components. The actuator features multiple pantograph springs connected to the lens, as well as multiple magnets, enabling precise focusing capability through electromagnetic actuation. A magnetic actuator driver integrated circuit implemented in a commercial 180 nm CMOS process drives the coil at 32 Hz, which is the mechanical resonance frequency of the actuator. A novel control methodology for the driver has been devised, aimed at enhancing driving efficiency and mitigating total harmonic distortion. Simulations and measurements substantiate that the actuator can induce a 3.22 mm focal point displacement while the driver circuit delivers 9.62 mA (RMS) current to the 7.7 mH coil. Under these conditions, the system exhibits an aggregate power consumption of 11.48 mW, thereby achieving a power efficiency of 85.5%.Öğe Paper-Based Piezoresistive Force Encoder for Soft Robotic Applications(IEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2022) Akcan, Omer Gokalp; Erdil, Kuter; Korkut, Dogukan; Baran, Eray A.; Gokdel, Y. DaghanThis work demonstrates the design, implementation, and experimental results of a low-cost disposable flexible sensor system capable of both impact localization and measurement. The proposed flexible sensor structure utilizes a special series of Bristol paper as the main fabrication material, which is coated with electric paint graphite paste and silver paste. The implemented sensor system uses a planar absolute encoder-like sensing topology to locate the impact and has a low-cost and quick manufacturing process. The size of the structure is 210 x 18.56 mm with a thickness of approximately 340 mu m. It has an electronic read-out consisting of three identical Wheatstone bridge circuits and instrumentation amplifiers for each bit. It can detect the external forces in the range of 0.6N to 12N with a spatial resolution of 2.4 cm and 0.55 cm in horizontal and vertical axes, respectively. The proposed sensor structure is tested in a series of experiments using a robotic setup consisted of a pantograph mechanism and a direct drive linear motor. The experiments illustrate the results with measurement sensitivity as small as 1N and proper fatigue resilience against repetitive loads.Öğe Perforated Paper-Based Piezoresistive Force Sensor(IEEE, 2019) Erdil, Kuter; Ayrac, Tugce; Akcan, O. Gokalp; Gokdel, Y. DaghanIn this work, a paper-based disposable piezoresistive force sensor has been designed, fabricated and tested along with peripheral electronic circuit. Strathmore (R) 400 series Bristol paper is employed as the substrate and it is coated with graphite and silver ink to form a perforated cantilever beam which constitutes the sensor part of the force sensing system. The proposed force sensing system can measure a force ranging to 24 mN with a force resolution of 196 mu N. The implemented sensor has a sensitivity of 8.63 mV/mN.Öğe Piezoresistive disposable weight sensor with increased sensitivity(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2020) Erdil, Kuter; Ayraç, Tuğçe; Akcan, Ö. Gökalp; Gökdel, Yiğit DağhanThis study presents the design, simulation, implementation, and experimental characterization of a paper-based perforated disposable weight sensor system with a double piezoresistive layer. The demonstrated system is designed to achieve highly sensitive weight sensing operations with low-cost materials. For that purpose, the main fabrication material of the proposed disposable sensor is selected as a 289-mu m-thick Strathmore 400 series Bristol paper. Approximately 48-mu m-thick piezoresistive graphite paste is coated onto both sides of the paper-based cantilever beam with the aim of acquiring more sensitive weight-sensing capability. Additionally, the proposed paper-based structure has rows of closely spaced perforations at prespecified locations to facilitate the bending of the cantilever beam and to further increase the sensitivity of the system. A peripheral electronic read-out circuitry is developed and integrated into the system. It is experimentally demonstrated that the proposed weight-sensing system can measure miniature weights ranging to 2 g with a resolution of 20 mg. The implemented sensor has a sensitivity of 17.13 mV/mN or 168.01 mV/g.
