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    Advanced Healthcare Directives From a Comparative Perspective and Proposals for Turkish Law
    (Istanbul Univ, Fac Law, 2021) Guner, Gokce Kurtulan
    As a result of the aging population and the improvement in average life expectancy, the visibility of psychiatric diseases causing loss of mental competence has considerably increased. The aging population presently enjoys expanded options in social life and improved support within the legal system. These positive changes resulted from the combined effort of the academic and legislative bodies toward finding ways to support patient autonomy and self-involvement in decision-making in case of loss of mental competence. This article focuses on the regulations, known as the advance healthcare directives, prepared for application when a drafter loses mental capacity. The genesis of this concept and efforts toward its adoption are discussed and analyzed from a comparative lens. This study examines advance healthcare directives in a wider sense, including instruction directives and durable powers of attorney. As Turkish law lacks a legal rule providing for bindingness for these kinds of dispositions, certain de lege ferenda proposals in line with the comparative findings have been proposed at the end of this paper.
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    Rethinking the Need for Commercial Trusts in Civil Law Jurisdictions
    (Kluwer Law Int, 2021) Guner, Gokce Kurtulan
    In this article, the need for the adoption of trusts into civilian jurisdictions has been analysed by placing a special focus on commercial trusts. It has been argued that, the trust may offer an added value for these legal systems as it is more advantageous in terms of asset management, investment and financing purposes. In the context of asset management and investment, the trust is compared with the fiduciary contract and even though both legal instruments serve the purpose of separating management and beneficial ownership; it has been concluded that the trust fulfils this function more successfully thanks to both the property dimension and the obligation dimension that are incorporated into it. In the context of traditional financing, the advantage of the trust manifests itself in case of multi-source financing - more clearly, in case of loans acquired by multiple lenders. Here, the added value of the trust is apparent with regard to the composition of common security packages, which constitutes a significant advantage from various perspectives for both borrowers and creditors.