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    It's just a flu or a death sentence: A descriptive qualitative study on illness perceptions of cancer patients across four paradoxes
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2026) Guner, Perihan; Inci, Figen; Yildirim, Nazmiye; Kucukkaya, Aycan; Goktas, Polat
    This descriptive qualitative study explored how individuals with cancer perceive their illness across different stages and contexts. Using a reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) framework, the study followed the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) for transparency. Data were gathered through six semi-structured focus group discussions with 35 patients diagnosed with breast, lung, colorectal, or gastric cancer. Purposive sampling continued until sufficient information was obtained. Analysis yielded four overarching themes: (1) paradox of illness description, (2) paradox of disease causation, (3) paradox of treatment effects, and (4) paradox of life disruption. Participants expressed ambivalent understandings of cancer, some viewing it as a manageable, flu-like condition, while others experienced it as a life-threatening, identity-defining event. Similar tensions emerged regarding perceived causes, treatment responses, and the illness's broader impact. These paradoxes highlight the complexity of cancer perceptions and the need for individualised, psychosocially informed care across the illness trajectory.
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    Psychometric Properties of a Turkish Version of The Psychosocial Needs Inventory; Sampling from Oncology Patients
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2024) Guner, Perihan; Yildirim, Nazmiye Kocaman; Inci, Figen; Sanci, Kadriye; Semerci, Remziye
    Objectives: This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Psychosocial Needs Inventory (PNI) among Turkish oncology patients. Methods: A methodological study was conducted with 1,547 oncology patients. This validation study was divided into two phases. Phase 1 included translation of the PNI according to World Health Organization recommendations, investigation of content validity by experts, and a pilot study involving 136 participants. Phase 2 included a validity and reliability analysis of the PNI. Data analysis comprised exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), Cronbach's alpha, test-retest reliability, Hotelling's T2 test and item-total score correlation, and the Content Validity Index (CVI). Results: For the phase 1, the CVI for items and scale were >.75 and .883, respectively. Cronbach's alpha values of the subdimensions ranged between 0.84 and 0.94. The test-retest analyses of the subdimensions showed correlation coefficients based on the pilot test (p < .001). For the phase 2, based on the fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis, the structures of the dimensions Importance and Satisfaction were acceptable. Cronbach's alpha values of the subdimensions ranged between 0.84 to 0.94 in the Importance dimension and 0.86 to 0.94 in the Satisfaction dimension. As a result of EFA, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, Bartlett's test (p < 0.001) and PNI Importance explained at 68.46% and PNI Satisfaction at 70.15% of the total variance by the six-factor structure. CFA showed that the indices and validity, including content validity, convergent validity were satisfactory. Conclusion: The PNI, which was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool, can be used to determine the psychosocial needs of cancer patients. Implications for Nursing Practice: Health professionals need to use the PNI to measure their importance to cancer patients' psychosocial needs and assess their satisfaction with meeting them to improve holistic care and support. (c) 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
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    Psychosocial Services Provided to Cancer Patients and Nurses' Difficulties in Psychosocial Assessment and Intervention: A Nationwide Study
    (Ataturk Univ, 2024) Yildirim, Nazmiye; Guner, Perihan; Inci, Figen
    Objective: The study mainly aims to determine the current state of psychosocial services offered to cancer patients and the views of nurses regarding the ways to meet patients' psychosocial needs. Other aims to evaluate barriers to meeting patients' psychosocial needs and measure nurses' difficulty level of psychosocial assessment and intervention practices. Methods: This multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted with 1189 nurses providing direct care to adult cancer patients in 32 hospitals in 12 geographical regions of T & uuml;rkiye. The data were collected by a survey prepared in accordance with the aims of the study. Results: Three-quarters of the participants reported that their hospital has psychosocial support services while 67.7% stated that this service was provided by psychiatry consultation. Nearly half (49%) stated that all healthcare professionals are responsible for meeting patients' psychosocial needs, especially it is an integral part of their nursing duties. However, organizational conditions (48.2%-30.7%) are the most important barriers to meeting the psychosocial needs of the patients. Participants have difficulty mostly in assessing and intervening in psychosocial needs of patients mostly in sexual problems and rejection of treatment, and least in patients' reactions to illness. Also, the participants have more difficulty in assessing seven of the 19 psychosocial dimensions and intervening in five ( P< .05). Conclusion: This study may be contributed to better structuring of psychosocial services in T & uuml;rkiye. It can also guide the planning of psychosocial care training. Institutional barriers need to be overcome, especially the nurse-patient ratio, and the psychosocial care capacity of nurses should be improved.
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    The Level of Psychosocial Skills of Nurses Caring for Cancer Patients and Affecting Factors: Results of a Multicenter Study
    (Tech Science Press, 2024) Yildirum, Nazmiye; Guner, Perihan; Inci, Figen
    Caring for cancer patients requires both technical and psychosocial nursing skills. The aim of this study was to determine the psychosocial care skill levels of nurses and affecting factors. This multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,189 nurses providing direct care to adult cancer patients in 32 hospitals in 12 geographical regions of Turkey. A questionnaire, the Psychosocial Skills Form, and the Professional Quality of Life Scale were used to collect the data. Nurses' psychosocial skill level was in the range of 2.72 +/- 0.98 and 2.47 +/- 0.89 out of four points. Communication skills such as empathic response, active listening, and the ability to provide information were found to be at a higher level than skills such as the activation of social support systems, therapeutic touch, and development of coping methods. Approximately 40% of nurses had received psychosocial care training, and 87% were interested in receiving additional psychosocial training. Gender, educational status, previous training in psychosocial care, and work experience with cancer patients were shown to affect psychosocial skill levels. There was a positive relationship between the level of psychosocial skills and the level of compassion satisfaction, and a negative relationship between the level of psychosocial skills and the level of burnout and compassion fatigue (p < 0.05). Nurses perceive themselves as having a medium to high level of psychosocial skills yet desire additional training. The results of this study may contribute to the development of training programs according to the needs of nurses who care for cancer patients.