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Öğe Black Sea Security under the 1936 Montreux Treaty(Brill, 2017) Oral, Nilufer[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Öğe Current Legal Developments International Court of Justice(Martinus Nijhoff Publ, 2010) Oral, Nilufer[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Forty years of the UNEP Regional Seas Programme: from past to future(Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2015) Oral, Nilufer[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Governance of the Protection of the Black Sea: A Model for Regional Cooperation(Springer, 2012) Velikova, Violeta; Oral, NiluferThe Black Sea is a semi-enclosed sea ecologically linked to the Mediterranean Sea through the narrow Turkish Straits system. The regional Black Sea institutional framework for the protection of the marine environment involves two regional organizations: the Commission on the Protection of the Black Sea against Pollution (Black Sea Commission, BSC), established through the United Nations Environmental Programme in 1992, and the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), also established in 1992. The BSC is the body responsible for the implementation of the Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea against Pollution (Bucharest Convention) and its protocols, and the Black Sea-Strategic Action Plan (BS-SAP). The legal framework for the protection and preservation of the Black Sea against pollution is based on the Bucharest Convention and its implementing protocols. These legal instruments were subsequently supplemented with four Ministerial Declarations: the Odessa Declaration (1993), the Sofia Declaration (2002), the Bucharest Declaration (2007) and the last Sofia Declaration (2009). Most of the environmental problems in the Black Sea are of transboundary character and as such cannot be efficiently regulated by individual states. Moreover, many Black Sea resources are shared and need common regional policies. A new Black Sea Strategic Action Plan was adopted by the Black Sea States in 2009 (BS-SAP).Öğe International Law as an Adaptation Measure to Sea-level Rise and Its Impacts on Islands and Offshore Features(Martinus Nijhoff Publ, 2019) Oral, NiluferClimate change-induced sea-level rise will result in the partial or complete inundation of low-lying coastal areas and insular features. The consequences of this include the loss of baselines from which maritime zones are established. The loss of baselines raises a number of legal questions, in particular concerning the legal status of maritime entitlements and in some cases the potential loss of statehood. Solutions proposed include maintaining existing baselines or outer limits of maritime zones, or the construction de novo of artificial islands. This article examines the current state of international law under the international climate-change regime and the law of the sea in relation to adaptation and adaptive measures, such as maintaining of baselines, island fortification and the construction of artificial islands. In addition, the article explores the question as to whether measures such as maintaining baselines would constitute adaptive measures under the existing climate-change regime.Öğe Law as if Earth Really Mattered The Wild Law Judgment Project Preface(Routledge, 2017) Oral, Nilufer[Abstract Not Available]Öğe MARITIME BOUNDARIES IN THE AEGEAN SEA AND PROTECTION OF BIODIVERSITY(Turkish Marine Research Foundation-Tudav, 2015) Oral, Nilufer[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Navigating the Oceans: Old and New Challenges for the Law of the Sea for Straits Used for International Navigation(Univ California Berkeley Sch Law, 2019) Oral, Nilufer[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Ocean Acidification: Falling Between the Legal Cracks of UNCLOS and the UNFCCC?(Univ California Berkeley Sch Law, 2018) Oral, NiluferOceans have played a critical role in shielding Earth from some of the more serious impacts of climate change by absorbing approximately 30 percent of emitted anthropogenic carbon dioxide. However, this has resulted in an approximate 26 percent increase in acidity of oceans since the industrial period. This not only presents the scientific challenge of addressing the problem of ocean acidification and its impacts on ocean marine life, but also presents many legal challenges. This Article will assess if the existing international legal framework provides the necessary foundation to address these legal challenges. Specifically, this Article will analyze whether two key global regimes, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, provide the necessary legal foundation to address ocean acidification. It concludes that while UNCLOS establishes the legal obligation of States to address ocean acidification, it does not by itself provide for the framework for taking the collective action needed for a significant reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. By contrast, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change regime appears to provide a better vehicle for the collective action necessary to mitigate emissions of carbon dioxide causing ocean acidification.Öğe Reflections on the Past, Present, and Future of IUU Fishing under International Law(Martinus Nijhoff Publ, 2020) Oral, NiluferThe present brief contribution reflects on the evolution of mu fishing, its current status, and possible future pathways to prevent, deter, and eliminate this practice. IUU fishing not only presents a question of management and conservation, but also entails serious human rights and transnational crime components. From these perspectives, this paper concludes that IUU fishing must be addressed through a multi-regime and multi-institutional process requiring the involvement of many stakeholders, including non-State actors. In particular, the effective settlement of IUU fishing disputes requires enhancing the role of international courts and tribunals as part of this process.Öğe The Sofia Ministerial Declaration on Black Sea Fisheries and Aquaculture(Martinus Nijhoff Publ, 2019) Ferri, Nicola; Oral, NiluferThe General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM), established in 1949 has always included Black Sea fisheries and in 1976 its constitutive agreement was amended to expressly include the Black Sea. A working group on the Black Sea (WGBS) established in 2011 was instrumental in adopting the first GFCM management measures for Black Sea fisheries. On 7 June 2018, the GFCM organized a High-Level Conference on Black Sea Fisheries and Aquaculture in Sofia which culminated with the signature of a ministerial declaration on Black Sea fisheries and aquaculture. This marked a milestone in the history of cooperation for fisheries among the Black Sea riparian countries.Öğe Straits Used in Intemational Navigation, User Fees and Article 43 of the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention(Brill Academic Publishers, 2006) Oral, Nilufer[Abstract Not Available]Öğe The need for a regional framework for marine scientific research in the Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea(Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Oral, NiluferOne of the important contributions of the 1982 United Nations Law of the Sea Convention (UNCLOS) is Part XIII on Marine Scientific Research (MSR). UNCLOS recognizes the general rule that all states have the right to conduct MSR subject to rights and duties of other states under the convention and in addition, the obligation to promote and facilitate MSR. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe THE REGIME OF STRAITS: SAFETY, SECURITY AND PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT(Martinus Nijhoff, 2013) Oral, Nilufer[Abstract Not Available]Öğe The South China Sea Arbitral Award, Part XII of UNCLOS, and the protection and preservation of the marine environment(Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2018) Oral, Nilufer[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Towards an improved international framework to govern the life cycle of plastics(Wiley, 2018) Raubenheimer, Karen; Mcllgorm, Alistair; Oral, NiluferCurrent international and regional frameworks provide a fragmented approach to the global governance of the life cycle of plastics. Three options to address marine litter have recently been published and presented at the third meeting of the United Nations Environment Assembly. This article outlines two options for a new international architecture, leaving to the side the third option of maintaining the status quo. The first suggests a global voluntary agreement that supplements the appropriate revisions and strengthening of relevant existing instruments. The second option provides for a global agreement that combines binding and voluntary measures. Whether the approach is binding or voluntary, strong integration with industry must be a primary outcome for either to be effective. The article discusses the merits of these options and considers where the authority for a new international instrument could come from.
