Faculty of Architecture

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The emergence of Mediterraneanism discourse in modern Turkish architecture and the special position of Cengiz Bektaş
(Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Faculty of Architecture, 2023) Kütükçüoğlu, Burcu
This article focuses on the emergence of the discourse on Mediterraneanism in Turkish architecture of mid-20th century in relation to the precedent discussions and works by European and American architects from the earlier decades. The former attempts of the modernist architects from Mediterranean countries in associating Mediterranean vernacular cultures with modernism and their basic motives are briefly discussed in the first part of the article to be able to portray the difference of the Turkish case. The emergence of the discourse of Mediterraneanism in mid-century Turkish architectural milieus is then discussed through some articles in the prominent journals of the period, underlining its relationship with the development of mass-tourism. Cengiz Bektaş is presented as a distinct and significant figure within this context who made extensive studies on Mediterranean vernacular cultures of Anatolia and had an original approach to the issue. Following the legacy of the Blue Anatolianists, Bektaş sees the Anatolian geography as a holistic cultural landscape and its vernacular architectures as the main sources of inspiration for contemporary architects, rather than pragmatic tools to fuel tourism industry. The article displays how his truly regionalist and contextualist approach to the Mediterranean differs from earlier and contemporary discourses in Turkey and stays closer to early 20th century precedents in Europe, through a reading of his original publications from the 1970s and later decades. © 2023, Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Faculty of Architecture. All rights reserved.
Metabody in Posthuman Architecture: Virtualizing Spatial Dynamics for Transformative Spaces
(Transnational Press London Ltd, 2023-06-30) Kuran, İpek
This research examines the concepts of metahumanism and metabody to explore the production of posthuman space. It examines the dynamic nature of posthuman space, which is characterized by fluidity, lack of form, and the interplay of relationships and interactions. Using Deleuze's distinction between the virtual and the actual, this study examines how posthuman space emerges as a convergence of these concepts, continuously shifting between fluid and solid states to accommodate the diverse posthuman experience. Virtualization is a crucial instrument for investigating posthuman architecture, especially within digital environments that foster creative expression and experimentation. Through a case study, this research examines the role of virtualization in forming a posthuman architectural landscape, demonstrating how digital domains offer unique opportunities for innovative space production and exploration. By highlighting the novel spaces that can be realized through virtualization, the study demonstrates the ability of posthuman architecture to cultivate new modes of interaction and engagement, thereby fundamentally altering our relationship with and perception of the built environment. This research contributes to the comprehension of the influence of virtualization on the formation of a posthuman architectural landscape by shedding light on its transformative capacities and implications. © 2023, Transnational Press London Ltd. All rights reserved.
Güncel Türkiye Mimarlığında Akdenizli Modernliğe Analitik Bir Bakış
(MSGSÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi, 2022) Kütükçüoğlu, Burcu
Bu makale, Türkiye’nin Ege ve Akdeniz kıyılarında, kitlesel turizmin ve yapılaşmanın yaygınlaştığı 1960’lardan günümüze uzanan dönemde, yerel coğrafi koşullar ve yapı kültürü gözetilerek tasarlanmış mimarlık ürünlerine dair bir araştırmanın teorik çerçevesini, yöntem ve sonuçlarını açıklamaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında, Çanakkale-Hatay arasındaki kıyı şeridinde yer alan ve Akdenizli karakterlere sahip olduğu düşünülen geniş bir yapı ve yerleşimler grubu, kaynak taraması, çalıştaylar ve saha çalışmaları aracılığı ile belirlenmiştir. Beş coğrafi alt bölge altında toplanan bu örnekler, Akdenizli karakterlerini çözümlemek adına, parçası oldukları kültürel peyzaj tipleri ve mimari özellikler bağlamında analiz edilmiştir. Çalışılan yapı ve yerleşimlerin, parçası oldukları kültürel peyzajlara eklemlenme biçimleri, iklim koşullarına karşı sundukları çözümler ve yerel yapı kültürlerini, mimari öğe ve arketipleri yorumlama biçimleri analitik biçimde incelenmiş ve haritalanmıştır. Makalede, Anadolu kıyılarındaki Akdeniz yerelliğinin farklı yorumlarını ortaya koyan bu haritalama ve analiz kategorileri, farklı dönemlere ve coğrafi alt bölgelere ait yapı ve yerleşim örnekleri ile açıklanmaktadır. Araştırmanın ana bulgularından birisi, kültürel coğrafya alanında Akdeniz’e dair kabul edilen zengin mikro-bölgesel çeşitlilik özelliğinin, mimarlık alanında da karşılığının olmasıdır. Bu bağlamda, benzer mimari tasarım araçları ve stratejilerinin, farklı kültürel peyzaj bölgelerinde değişik yorumlara ve sonuç ürünlere yol açtığı gözlemlenmiş ve örneklenmiştir. Bir başka deyişle bu araştırma, Akdeniz’in bir süreklilikler ve farklılıklar mozaiği olduğunu Anadolu coğrafyası örneği ve modern mimari işler üzerinden göstermiş ve bunu, gelişime açık bir veri tabanı altlığı olarak sunmuştur.
ON THE CLASSICAL SANCTUARY SPACE AND ITS NATURAL CONTEXT: NATURE AS EXTENSION OR CONTAINER?
(ON THE CLASSICAL SANCTUARY SPACE AND ITS NATURAL CONTEXT: NATURE AS EXTENSION OR CONTAINER?, 2022) Karababa, İdil Üçer
Even though nature is accepted to be an integral part of classical architecture, there is limited academic literature on this aspect. This paper aims to contribute to this literature with a focus on the transformation of attitudes towards nature in classical culture and the influence of this transformation on sanctuary planning. The first part, titled “Nature as Extension,” examines the integration of nature with the humanmade in the seemingly haphazard planning of the Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi. In this sanctuary, myth, nature, and the human-made merge through a phenomenological logic that employs movement and gaze as its major constituents. The second part, titled “Nature as Container,” compares Delphi to the sanctuaries of Athena at Lindos and Fortuna at Praeneste. Perspectival concepts developed in the Hellenistic period could be thought of as instrumental in these sanctuaries, in the creation of an axial and symmetrical space focused on the ascend to the temple. Ultimately, this paper argues that the rupture from nature in the Hellenistic and Roman sanctuaries was a result of the demise of the Archaic mythological tradition and the institution of the philosophical tradition in the democratic polis, humans questioned the dependence of their fate on the almighty gods and defined themselves as the constructor of their own order. Uncontrolled nature became the container of the chaos of the mythical, separate from the controlled human-made realm. The use of perspectival concepts to create introverted spaces preoccupied with their own grandeur rather than the natural context around them could have occurred only in such a cultural context
Çevrim İçi Öğretim Sürecinin Mimari Tasarım Eğitimine Katkısı
(Ahmet Fidan, 2022) Alangoya, Kezban Ayça
COVID-19 salgınının ulusal-uluslararası tasarım eğitiminde meydana getirdiği dönüşümler, çevrim içi eğitim sürecinde oluşan sorunsallar, bu sorunsalların çözümü için geliştirilmiş eğitsel yöntemler ve bunlar aracılıyla edinilmiş kazanımlar dikkat çekicidir. Bu çalışma, mimari tasarım derslerine ilk kez katılacak öğrencilerle 2019-20 Bahar dönemi ve 2020-21 Güz-Bahar dönemleri olmak üzere 3 çevrim içi eğitim döneminde edinilmiş deneyimleri kapsamaktadır. Pandemi koşullarında doğal çevrelere özgü fenomenlerin deneyimlendiği ortak geziler düzenlenememiş, mimari tasarım sürecinde tasarım aracı olarak işlev gören ortak maketler stüdyo ortamında inşa edilememiş, dijital ortamda üretilen çizimlerin çıktıları alınamamıştır. Eğitimciler ve özellikle mimari tasarım edimine başlayacak öğrenciler açısından zorlayıcı olmuş koşullara adapte olmak yeni eğitsel yöntemlerin devreye sokulması gerektirmiştir. Uzak-yakın kentsel ortamlara özgü fenomenlerin deneyimlenmesi ve sosyal içerikli güncel konularla evrensel içerikli sanat eserlerinin mimari program önerileri aracılığıyla toplum-bireymekan ilişkilerinin tartışıldığı çevrim içi eğitim sürecinde sözel iletişimin güçlendiği/derinleştiği gözlemlenmiştir. Bireysel tasarım alanımimari program önerilerinin öğrencilerin seçimine bırakılması alan-program-kullanıcı-mekan kurgusu-malzeme seçimi ilişkilerine, mimarlığın fizik mekan ötesine geçen niteliklerine değinilmesine olanak tanımıştır. Ölçek kavramı mimari temsil ediminde kullanıldığı anlamın ötesinde anlamsal-zamansal-fiziksel-sosyal boyutlarıyla irdelenebilmiş, yaratıcı tasarım ediminin holistik yapısı görünürlük kazanmıştır. Çevrim içi eğitim sürecine özgü yöntemlere/ kazanımlara ışık tutmak amacıyla kaleme alınmış bu çalışmanın 1. bölümde Covid19 salgınının pandemi olarak tanımlanması itibarıyla ulusal-uluslararası yükseköğretimin çevrim içi ortama aktarılışı ve mimarlık eğitimi bağlamında yaşanan gelişmeler ele alınmıştır. İlk kez mimari tasarım derslerine katılacak öğrenciler özelinde kurgulanmış tasarım eğitiminin kavramsal çerçevesi, uygulanan yöntemler ve proje çıktıları, örgün mimari eğitim süreci bağlamında 2.-5. bölümlerde, çevrimiçi eğitim süreci bağlamında ise 3.-4.-6. bölümlerde irdelenmiştir. Örgün ve çevrim içi eğitim sürecine özgü yöntemlerin proje çıktılarıyla ilişkilendirilerek analiz edilmesi, her iki ortamın mimari tasarım eğitimine sağladığı farklı kazanımlara görünürlük kazandırmıştır. Sonuç bölümünde çevrim içi eğitim sürecinde uygulanmış yöntemler/kazanımlar ele alınmış, çevrim içi eğitim süreci deneyimlerinin özgün nitelikleri özetlenmiş, bunların pandemi sonrasında mimari tasarım eğitimi içeriği kurgusunda gözetilmelerinin tasarım edimine başlayacak öğrencilerin kazanımlarını artıracağı vurgulanmıştır.
URBANIZATION PROCESSES OF NORTHERN ISTANBUL IN THE 2000’S: YAVUZ SULTAN SELIM BRIDGE AND THE NORTHERN MARMARA HIGHWAY
(Middle East Technical University, 2022) Aysev, Evren
Abstract: Istanbul of the 2000’s is a striking example of urbanization through mega projects. It is clear that the mega infrastructure projects that have come to the fore in the North of Istanbul, especially in the last decade, will have large-scale and irreversible effects on the ecological systems and growth dynamics of the city. This study focuses on Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge and Northern Marmara Highway (YSS-NMH), being the first of the mega projects aiming to move the transportation infrastructure and center of gravity of Istanbul towards North, passing through the Northern forests. YSS-NMH and the subsequent mega projects, being the Istanbul Airport and Kanal Istanbul can be seen as parts of a strategy to expand the city towards North and transform it into a global transportation hub. In this article, a critical reading of the project is provided through the problematization of neoliberal urban space production mechanisms of the 2000’s. While doing this reading, Ananya Roy’s (2009, 819-30) “informality” and Bent Flyvbjerg’s (2014, 6-19) “four categories of sublime” are taken as key concepts forming the theoretical framework. The study adopts discoursive analysis as a qualitative research method. First of all, the legal inconsistencies in the emergence and implementation processes of the project are discussed through Roy’s concept of “informality”. Then, through the processing of structured open-ended interviews with the senior executives of the project and the examination of promotional project materials and related newspaper articles; the neoliberal discourse in the public presentation of the project is analyzed through Flyvbjerg’s “four categories of sublime”. “Informality”, meaning the manipulation and violation of laws and regulations by the administrative authority, has been an instrumental mechanism in the realization process of the YSS-NMH project. During the execution process, starting from the selection of the project route to the construction stages, a number of laws and regulations, especially the 1/100,000 Istanbul Upper Level Land Use Plan and the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, were inactivated. Moreover, the technological, aesthetic, political and economic sublimation discourses, which are the “four categories of sublime”, have been a discursive strategy frequently used in the promotion, legitimation and implementation processes of the project. The aim of this dual analysis is to reveal the neoliberal execution and affirmation mechanisms of the YSS-NMH project during the emergence, implementation and public presentation stages. Through the dual analysis of YSS-NMH, this study intends to bring a critical account to the dynamics of neoliberal urbanization through mega projects in general, drawing parallels between similar processes that are experienced in many of the metropolitan cities of developing countries in the 21st century. © 2022
Unfolding the material: A proposal of a multi-sensory experience oriented material exhibition medium
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022-07) Şentop Dümen, Ayça; Koyaz, Mine
Abstract: Experience with a product or a space occurs via different interfaces and one of those, perhaps the most significant one, is the material. Sensory properties of materials along with technical ones are essential inputs during the material selection process in design. This leads to the necessity of material exhibition platforms specifically configured for design students and novice designers, where material properties can be observed through experiencing, and experimenting. Thus, a multimodal reasoning process can be generated which would enhance design thinking. Through its theoretical and experimental phases, this study aims to develop the fundamental considerations and propose a model for a multi-sensory material exhibition medium where both tangible and intangible characteristics of materials can be observed, and interacted with, thus inducing hands-on learning. The study further aims to propose a material information system where quantitative and qualitative information are given in a visual representation layout. By adopting a participatory mindset, two workshops (15 + 10 days) were conducted with architecture faculty students, thus enabling audience opinion during the design of systems and transformation of material properties into scalar data and diagrams. The results and the merits of the proposed exhibition medium are presented and the educational implications are discussed. © 2022 The Author(s)
Product hacking as a systematic intervention: towards new strategies and platforms in design education
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022-09) Şerifoğlu, Tuğçe Ecem Tüfek
Abstract: This paper is mainly about how product hacking can be categorized and implemented in a systematic way in design education. The theoretical or analytical part of the project is based on a study in which a great number of hacking projects are reviewed and categorized found in popular DIY platforms. The implementation or synthesis part of the research is a design project held in an industrial design department with freshman design students based on the categorization of function proposed, which are namely; enhance, change and add function. In this project students are required to make three kinds of interventions on functions of existing products, also share their projects in the selected platform (www.instructables.com), so that other people can find, criticize, develop, or apply it by using the instructions given. Sharing in platforms like these creates a connection between the analytical and synthetic phases of the paper, and also makes it different from other classical projects confined to a closed studio atmosphere.This paper also seeks for the possibility of fresh perspectives on issues like sustainability, ready-made and open source design by engaging students in an intervention-based design process where they look for formulating their designs in a methodological way.One other aspect of the project was the idea that it has the potential to create an advantage or value for the time and context it was given, that is when the COVID-19 has started to influence our lives deeply. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Çizgiyi kentte yürüyüşe çıkarmak: Boğaz(içi) günlükleri
(Tasarım+Kuram, 2019) Turhan, Bilge Bal
ÖZET: Türlü biçimlerde ve ritimlerde yolculuk, öteden beri mimarın yetişme sürecinin önemli bir parçasıdır. Yolculuk, laboratuvar, sınıf ve stüdyoda süregelen geleneksel pedagojik öğrenme pratiklerini kökten değiştirir; öğrenmenin, bilgiyi işlemenin, inşa etmenin doğasını fiziksel yer değiştirmeyle dönüştürür. Mimari yolculukların kaydı olarak tutulan eskiz defteri, bir çeşit günlük olarak bu konuyu tartışmaya açabilecek bir otobiyografik koleksiyon tanımlar. Yolculuklarla günlükler bir epistemolojik çerçevede incelenirse yaygın iki yaklaşım ve daha az denenmiş üçüncü bir yaklaşım söz konusudur. İlk yaygın yaklaşım, bir bilenden öğrenmeye dayalıdır. Sonraki ikisi, bireyin inisiyatifle başlattığı ve mekansal deneyimler aracılığıyla doğrudan yere temasla öğrendikleri keşif yolculuklarıdır. İlk keşif yolculuğu daha benimsenmiş, yaygın ikinci yaklaşımdır; yerle daha kararlı, bilinen ve tekrar eden bir ilişkiye dayanır. İkinci keşif yolculuğuysa yerle daha otantik ilişki kuran ve işbirliği yapan, pek uygulanmamış üçüncü yaklaşımdır. Nesnel rastlantı, bilmeme hali, merak, müsaitlik, aylaklık, yavaşlık, belirsizlik, zevk ve hayal gücüyle dinamik, yaratıcı bir pratiktir. Yolculuğu gerekli kılan deneyim merkezli öğrenmenin ilk uygulama alanını mimarların kent-içi günlük gezi pratikleri oluşturur. Yürümek, bu deneyimin en temel biçimidir. Yapılı çevre-gündelik hayat arasındaki karmaşık ve biricik ilişkiyi keşfetmek için üçüncü yaklaşım, çoğul okumaya imkan tanıyan potansiyel bir metot sunar. Mimara yürür-çizer, düşünür-gezer rolü atfeder. İstanbul’da daha az pratik edilen esrarlı bir mekan olarak Boğaz(içi), bu araştırmanın deneme alanını sunar.
The furniture design history of Turkey, 1800-2000
(The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication, 2021-07) Gürpınar, Avşar
ABSTRACT: Furniture design can't be considered only as a design notion. Every item existing in the interiors of buildings is a component of the lifestyle for a specific space. The furniture design of a state investigated chronologically is also an interpretation of the adopted lifestyles, changing technologies and transforming contexts, which makes it very critical to follow the cultural practices of this very tipology. This paper called The Furniture Design History of Turkey, 1800-2000 investigates the translation of the ideological concepts to the morphological language of furniture. The transformation process from the Ottoman westernisation up to this day is discussed through several milestones of every significant period. Those milestones not only define a specific era, but also stand for the operational, ideological, technological, morphological changes in the field of furniture design within its many folded contexts. Furthermore, the article questions the translation of this very modernisation to the language of furniture. This attempt of description starts with the interior of Dolmabahçe Palace and is examined through several figures, firms, institutions, and special productions, up to this day.
Floating Public Space’ for Birds: Design Research and Prototype Fabrication in Haliç
(ICONARP, 2020) Karabağ, Kutay; Şahbaz, Zeynep
Purpose This text intends to discuss the outcome of the graduate design studio titled ‘hydrophilic structures’. Studio research is organized on two primary axis; revealing the potentials of floating spaces as an extension of public spaces on one hand, and digital design and fabrication technologies for prototyping on the other. Concepts such as floating structures, water interaction and public space may initially refer to human utilization however, non-human living organisms are critical for their decisive role on the qualities of the water and the urban environment.Design/Methodology/ApproachDesign of floating structures and water interaction had been a niche inside the traditional culture and practice of architectural design, whereas design and production skills in connection with water had historically developed mostly in the field of engineering and transportation. Floating structures and their potential for unconventional spatial experiences have recently engaged in the focus of contemporary design culture, mainly due to the increasing density and lack of public spaces on the land.FindingsThe proposal, designed through computational tools and fabricated through robotic technology, concentrates on various ways of interaction with water and acknowledge research on the spatial requirements for the birds, as the users of space.Research Limitations/ImplicationsFabrication of the floating prototype is assumed as a primary target for its observation potentialenabling an original discussion of the design parameters for bird species. Limitations of the existingfabrication tools and sustainability of the practically available materialswere assumed to be out of the scope of this study.Social/Practical Implications Design-research presented here covers principal case-studies of floating spaces, the buoyancy principles, material tests and essential variables of ecological dynamics in Haliç as a general framework.Originality/Value The subsequent prototype serves for a specific bird population utilizing Haliç as a part of their life cycle, rather than human utilization.
Josef Plecnik mimarisinde yaşamın kutsallığını deneyimlemek
(Megaron, 2014) Alangoya, Kezban Ayça
ÖZET: Dünyamızın coğrafyasının aslında ülke sınırlarıyla bölünmemiş bütünlüğü ve sürekliliği gibi sanatçılar ve fikir sanatçıları olan düşünürler olmak üzere tüm insanlar din, dil, ırk ve milli sınırlarla ayrışmamış bir dünya topluluğu olarak görülebilir. Sahip oldukları düşünce ve duygularla bireyler, barındıkları farklı kültür ve geleneklerle de topluluklar ya da milletler dünya hayatının zenginlikleridir ve dünya tarihinin vazgeçilemez öğelerindendir. Yeryüzünde ya da zamanın sürekliliğinde güncel olan yerden ve andan uzaklarda kalmış da olsalar, eserleri ve fikirleriyle evrensel değerlere temas etmiş sanatçı ve düşünürler tüm insanlığa hizmet etmeyi sürdürürler. Slovenya doğumlu Josef Ple?nik (1871-1952) insanın ve yaşamın özüne mimarlık üzerinden temas etmiş böyle mekan sanatçılarındandır. Antik mimari, Rönesans ve Gottfried Semper’in Stil kuramından ilham almış Ple?nik’in şiirsel mimarisi, gerek kullandığı malzemeler gerekse yaşama ait programları yorumlaması bakımından zamana ve yere ait sınırları aşar ve güncel mimari dile kendini zenginleştirme olanakları sunar. Ple?nik mimarisinin güncelleşmesi yolunda bir başlangıç olmak üzere ele alınmış bu makalede kendisinin bazı dinsel ve dünyevi mekânları yaşamın kutsallığını görünür kılmaları bağlamında incelenmiştir.
Hesaplamalı modeller aracılığıyla mimari ve doğal biçim türetim ilkelerini ilişkilendirmek
(Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 2011) Erdoğan, Elif
[Abstract Not Available]
Urban regulations in 18th century Istanbul: Natural disasters and public dispute
(İTÜ, 2016-03) Çokuğraş, Işıl; Gençer, İrem
As a part of the Ottoman modernization process, new regulations and institutions for urban management started to be established in Istanbul. This paper handles the 18th century as an initial period for these urban reforms and studies how the built environment was regulated at the time. The regulations of 18th century which were based on the occasion of natural disasters and public dispute will be evaluated via official archive documents and narratives. 18th century Istanbul’s general urban fabric was formed with organic narrow streets and small timber houses. With the ethno-religious diversity embedded to this picture, the city had a complex and fragile character. Numerous fires causing massive destructions raised a need for precautions. Several orders related to construction systems, building height, size of building elements like eaves and projections were issued. On the other hand, the fact that urban constituents like ownership were not defined clearly in the modern sense made public dispute very common. Apart from the complexity of the built environment, most of the conflicts arose from the social structure of Istanbul which was comprised of various ethno-religious groups. There was a clear distinction of Muslims and non-Muslims in the urban realm as they had different building regulations, until the issuing of the Tanzimat Firman. The regulations of the 18th century was based on cases, rather than being comprehensive generalized rules for the urban fabric and thus had a more proscriptive nature rather than prescriptive. © 2016, Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Faculty of Architecture. All rights reserved.
Noise annoyance during COVID-19 lockdown: A research of public opinion before and during the pandemic
(2020-12) Şentop Dümen, Ayça; Şaher, Konca
Strict lockdown strategies to stop the spread of COVID-19 have caused a decrease in environmental noise levels and introduced new noise conditions in dwellings. The present study has investigated the impact of the forced lockdown in Turkey on noise annoyances due to traffic, neighbors, and personal dwellings, as well as the concern of being heard by neighbors, and overall dwelling satisfaction in an online questionnaire. The stress and anxiety levels of respondents were also investigated. The survey obtained 1053 respondents. Additionally, environmental noise levels were measured over 24-h at two locations and compared with results before the pandemic. The results clearly exhibit that environmental noise levels and annoyance due to the noise levels dropped significantly. The annoyance drop was larger in previously noisier environments than previously tranquil locations. Noise annoyance due to neighbor noise did not change significantly; however, noise annoyance due to one's own dwelling increased. The results also confirmed an overall increase in dwelling satisfactions indicating a correlation between dwelling satisfaction and lower environmental noise levels. Although the results confirmed that noise annoyance was positively correlated with stress and anxiety levels, the change of annoyance between before and during lockdown was shown to be independent from the stress and anxiety level.
SETTING THE STAGE FOR THE AUTHORITY OF THE ROMAN EMPEROR: THE FAMILY METAPHOR IN THE AEDICULAR FACADES OF ASIA MINOR
(MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIV, 2017) Karababa, İdil Üçer
Family has always been an important aspect of the Italian way of life from antiquity to the present. Since the Roman Republic was an oligarchic state, the governing class had always been identified with families. The family pride in state affairs were advertised in the most public part of the Roman house, the atrium, by way of busts, wax masks and shield portraits of the notable ancestors; trophies and wall-paintings illustrating the notable achievements of the family; and family trees and shrines to the Lares, Penates and Genius. These paraphernalia reminded the inhabitants of the household of the family pride, to which they must be loyal and whose expectations they must fulfill. Augustus, within the process of his institution as the sole ruler of the empire, extensively employed familial concepts as a propaganda tool. He praised the Roman family as a traditional Roman institution within the context of the restoration of order and unity of the Republic. His definition as an autocrat above the senate was made through a familial concept, Pater Patriae. Augustus, as Pater Patriae, controlled and ordered his empire as Roman fathers managed their families. His dynasty was linked to Aeneas and Romulus by way of contemporary legends. Through these legends, he was defined as divinely ordained to reinstitute peace and order, in a way refound the honored tradition of Roman nation as his ancestors had in the past. His monuments in Rome, therefore, featured the imperial dynasty not only as a symbol of order and unity of the empire, but also as a token of the continuity of the reinstituted peace implied by these legendary familial connections. During the time of the successors of Augustus, monuments representing the imperial family became widespread both in Rome and in the provinces with the aim of heralding and ensuring the continuity of the imperial rule. Within this framework, two examples from Asia Minor, the propylon of the Sebasteion at Aphrodisias and the reconstructed Hellenistic gate of Perge, will be the focus of this paper, to argue how these monuments in their local contexts created a framework through which Greek cities defined themselves as part of the Roman Empire through familial associations. Both of these examples are gates in the form of aedicular facades, which featured statues belonging to the contemporary emperor and his dynasty in their aedicular units. Within this context, the imperial family was a symbol of the order and unity of the Roman Empire and its continuity like in Rome. In addition to the imperial family, these facades also featured tutelary deities of Aphrodisias and Perge. By inclusion of tutelary deities of cities to the otherwise dynastic sculpture repertoire, it was implied that these cities were tied to the empire with similar ties that links an individual to his/ her family. In Aphrodisias, Aphrodite was identified as the ancestral mother of the divine rulers hinting at Greek roots of the imperial dynasty through Aeneas. In Perge, statues of the Greek heroes of the Trojan War implied Trojan roots of the Roman Empire through Aeneas. So, through these associations, a Greek framework was formulated for the alien authority of the Roman emperor. Ultimately, it can be stated that the aedicular facades in these cities can be thought of as large-scale versions of the familial paraphernalia in the atria of Roman houses. Sebasteion Gate at Aphrodisias and the reconstructed Hellenistic Gate at Perge set up stages on the colonnaded avenues of their cities, representing their city as an extension of the empire. Through this representation not only subjugation to the unity of the empire was legitimized through the family metaphor, but also willful loyalty and devotion to the alien authority of the Roman emperor was sealed through the evocation of a common ancestry.
The Relationship Between Gaussian Curvature and Surf ace Panelization Approaches in Architecture
(YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIV,, 2019) Yazar, Tuğrul
As the design of free-form architectural surfaces becomes easier, questioning and foreseeing the feasibility of the construction of these surfaces becomes important. Such an inquiry requires sufficient knowledge of architectural geometry besides the knowledge of materials and structural systems. In this article, a preliminary example of a guide which supports the design and production process of building surfaces with different geometric properties is presented. This guide aims to reveal the relationship between Gaussian curvature which is an intrinsic geometric feature of architectural surfaces, and some of the widespread paneling strategies. After the literature review and the description and classification of curvature and paneling concepts via architectural examples, a comparative table has been created. The resulting table facilitates answering the question of whether it is possible geometrically to build architectural surfaces with different paneling strategies, especially at early phases of architectural design. Besides, it contains information about the planarity and the equality of the surface panels. Thus, the preliminary information is presented to the designer about the estimated cost of surface construction and the materials and technologies to be selected. Further development of such guides will help architects and students to use geometry more consciously hence more strongly. On the other hand, it is aimed to make contributions to the Turkish literature of the mentioned research field, to emphasize the Turkish equivalents of the related mathematical terms, and to draw attention to some of the newly developed topics on this field.
The transformative effects of digital technologies on the product design practices of servitizing manufacturers
(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, 2019) Sayar, Deniz; Er, Özlem
Digital technologies have enabled manufacturing companies to extend their product-based portfolios with innovative service offerings. Various aspects of this shift have been explored from a service and system design perspective. However, the transformative effects of the deployment of digital technologies on product design practices, particularly in manufacturing firms have been relatively neglected. To explore this issue, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 manufacturing industry experts. Four product design practices that underwent a change process as a result of digital transformation were identified: Modifying product designs to enable diverse servicing options at the outset, redefining the role of customer data in the design process, focusing on the outcomes to facilitate cocreation, and designing feedback mechanisms about the past and current product status. The articulation of these themes contribute to the design literature on the effects of digital transformation, as well as to the literature on service transitions in manufacturing firms.
Design-Led Innovation Strategies of Family Entrepreneurs: Case-based Evidence from an Emerging Market
(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, 2019) Gülden, Selin; Er, Özlem
This paper reveals insights from an ongoing PhD study engaging with the innovation management of family owned furniture manufacturers in Turkey. The initial findings presented in this paper relate to the strategies applied in the innovation process of the first case study undertaken within the ongoing PhD. The aim of the study is to seek the entrepreneurial opportunities and challenges when achieving Design-Led Innovation (DLI) in an emerging market. The data are hoped to provide a better understanding of the factors affecting a family business to gain competitive advantage in the market through innovation. The main insight presented in this paper is that family entrepreneurs have unique decision-making processes and strategies during phases of innovation. The other key initial insight found through thematic analysis of in-depth qualitative interviews include key concepts such as vision for design awareness, strengthening existing know-how, customer-oriented strategy, and investment in knowledge.
Associating Principles Of Architectural And Natural Form Generation Through Computational Models
(Middle East Technical Univ, 2011) Erdoğan, Elif; Sorguç, Arzu Gönenç
The contemporary approach towards architecture is an outcome of cross-fertilization of ideas between computation and biology. Computation, as an interface, instructs analyzing, understanding and reinterpreting the informal structure of natural organizations (such as system, information flow, and process through time) for artificial form generation. Consequently, with the computational theory we are going through a 'rethinking about our environment and restructuring its systems' epoch where processes, relations, and dependencies are major concern for reconsidering and comprehending our environment. This paper will consider computation as transcoding and nature as a model that present possibilities for extracting knowledge from existing facts and its reinterpretation and application in built environment. Accordingly, through this search for a revised/remodeled architecture, which is defined by and applied through computational mediums, natural form generation turns into a major lead to configure the information flow, and to understand complexity of dynamic systems.

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