Prioritizing delirium risk factors in nursing: a cross-sectional study using the analytic hierarchy process

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dc.contributor.authorZeki, Ozge
dc.contributor.authorGuner, Perihan
dc.contributor.authorZeki, Mustafa
dc.contributor.authorOzkaynak, Mustafa
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T18:55:59Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T18:55:59Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground Delirium is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by acute and fluctuating disturbances in attention, cognition, and consciousness. Despite its significant impact on patient outcomes, a gap persists between clinical practice and evidence-based approaches for delirium prevention and management. This study aims to systematically explore nurses' perceptions of delirium risk factors, identify which factors they prioritize, and examine the reasoning behind their prioritization using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). By addressing these objectives, this study identified potential knowledge gaps in delirium prevention while examining the contributions and challenges of applying the AHP method in prioritizing delirium risk factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 234 nurses from five academic hospitals in T & uuml;rkiye. Delirium risk factors were categorized into four main categories through the consensus of a panel of six experts with experience in delirium care and research. These finalized categories were used to develop an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) questionnaire, enabling nurses to perform pairwise comparisons of the risk factors. Data collected through the AHP questionnaire were analysed using MATLAB software, and Consistency Ratios (CR) were calculated to ensure the reliability of the responses. Results Nurses identified age > 65 (GW = 0.161), noisy hospital environment where patient stays (GW = 0.077), patient living alone (GW = 0.064), insufficient interaction with patient's relatives or caregivers (GW = 0.046), admission to intensive care unit following emergency surgery or physical trauma (GW = 0.041) and admission due to surgery (GW = 0.041) as significant risk factors. Other factors such as anemia (GW = 0.006), vision and/or hearing impairment (GW = 0.009), existing cardiovascular disorder (e.g., hypertension) (GW = 0.01) and patient being in a coma or medically induced coma (GW = 0.01) ranked lower. Over half of the nurses prioritized psychological causes, citing fear, anxiety, and stress as significant contributors to delirium. Conclusions The study reveals significant discrepancies between nurses' prioritization of delirium risk factors and established evidence. Psychological causes were emphasized over organic factors, highlighting potential knowledge gaps and challenges in delirium recognition. By applying the AHP methodology, this study provides reliable insights into nurses' perspectives on delirium risk factors. These findings can guide future educational programs and policy interventions to bridge gaps between evidence-based practices and clinical application, ultimately improving delirium prevention strategies in healthcare settings. Furthermore, this study underscores the contributions and challenges of employing the AHP method to prioritize delirium risk factors, providing valuable insights and methodological guidance for researchers seeking to adopt this approach in nursing studies.
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s12912-025-03454-6
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s12912-025-03454-6
dc.identifier.issn1472-6955
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.pmid40739241
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105012170434
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03454-6
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11411/10645
dc.identifier.volume24
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001541549700004
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherBmc
dc.relation.ispartofBmc Nursing
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260402
dc.snmzKA_Scopus_20260402
dc.subjectDelirium
dc.subjectRisk Factors
dc.subjectPrevention
dc.subjectNursing
dc.subjectAhp
dc.subjectAnalytic Hierarchy Process
dc.subjectEvidence Based
dc.subjectDecision Making
dc.titlePrioritizing delirium risk factors in nursing: a cross-sectional study using the analytic hierarchy process
dc.typeArticle

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