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Öğe User-based relocation strategy for free floating car-sharing system: An Istanbul case(Pamukkale Univ, 2024) Simsir, Misra; Yildirim, U. Mahir; Sen, DorukIn a world with limited resources, it is crucial for individuals to utilise shared systems and develop strategies to optimise their usage. To cope with this, 'servicizing' has emerged as a rapidly growing promising solution, especially in car-sharing systems. These systems can be split into two: station-based and free-floating. The latter introduces more flexibility to the customers as free-floating systems allow users to pick up and drop off vehicles anywhere within predetermined operational zones. This flexibility may come with an additional cost by bringing a potential imbalance between demand and supply. This imbalance can harm the company's profitability and customer satisfaction. In this study, the imbalance problem of the system of free-floating car sharing is considered. A mixed integer linear programming model is developed and tested with real data for free floating car sharing systems to solve this problem. The proposed system consists of four modules: clustering, forecasting, optimization model, and relocation strategy. According to the results, it is observed that the system is more balanced with satisfying 9% more demand and more profitable with earning 6% more. The study was conducted on a car-sharing company that is based in Istanbul, but the results can be applied to any free-floating car-sharing system. This ensures customer satisfaction by meeting demand and balancing the system.Öğe MORE THAN A MENTOR: YEARS WITH THE AVANT-GARDE HISTORIAN METE TUNCAY(Burhan Caglar, 2025) Bilmez, Bulent[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostic Breast Ultrasound: A Comparative Analysis of Decision Support Among Radiologists With Various Levels of Expertise(Galenos Publ House, 2025) Celebi, Filiz; Tuncer, Onur; Oral, Muege; Duymaz, Tomris; Orhan, Tolga; Ertas, GokhanObjective: To investigate integrating an artificial intelligence (AI) system into diagnostic breast ultrasound (US) for improved performance. Materials and Methods: Seventy suspicious breast mass lesions (53 malignant and 17 benign) from seventy women who underwent diagnostic breast US complemented with shear wave elastography, US-guided core needle biopsy and verified histopathology were enrolled. Two radiologists, one with 15 years of experience and the other with one year of experience, evaluated the images for breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) scoring. The less-experienced radiologist re-evaluated the images with the guidance of a commercial AI system and the maximum elasticity from shear wave elastography. The BI-RADS scorings were processed to determine diagnostic performance and malignancy detections. Results: The experienced reader demonstrated superior performance with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.888 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.793-0.983], indicating high diagnostic accuracy. In contrast, the Koios decision support (DS) system achieved an AUC of 0.693 (95% CI: 0.562-0.824). The less-experienced reader, guided by both Koios and elasticity, showed an AUC of 0.679 (95% CI: 0.534-0.823), while Koios alone resulted in an AUC of 0.655 (95% CI: 0.512-0.799). Without any guidance, the less-experienced reader exhibited the lowest performance, with an AUC of 0.512 (95% CI: 0.352-0.672). The experienced reader had a sensitivity of 98.1%, specificity of 58.8%, positive predictive value of 88.1%, negative predictive value of 90.9%, and overall accuracy of 88.6%. The Koios DS showed a sensitivity of 92.5%, specificity of 35.3%, and an accuracy of 78.6%. The less-experienced reader, when guided by both Koios and elasticity, achieved a sensitivity of 92.5%, specificity of 23.5%, and an accuracy of 75.7%. When guided by Koios alone, the less-experienced reader had a sensitivity of 90.6%, specificity of 17.6%, and an accuracy of 72.9%. Lastly, the less-experienced reader without any guidance showed a sensitivity of 84.9%, specificity of 17.6%, and an accuracy of 68.6%. Conclusion: Diagnostic evaluation of the suspicious masses on breast US images largely depends on experience, with experienced readers showing good performances. AI-based guidance can help improve lower performances, and using the elasticity metric may further improve the performances of less experienced readers. This type of guidance may reduce unnecessary biopsies by increasing the detection rate for malignant lesions and deliver significant benefits for routine clinical practice in underserved areas where experienced readers may not be available.Öğe JAK2 V617F Mutation in Endothelial Cells of Patients with Atherosclerotic Carotid Disease(Galenos Publ House, 2024) Diz-Kucukkaya, Reyhan; Iyigun, Taner; Albayrak, Ozgur; Eker, Candan; Gunel, TubaObjective: It has been shown that clonal mutations occur in hematopoietic stem cells with advancing age and increase the risk of death due to atherosclerotic vascular diseases, similarly to myeloproliferative neoplasms. Endothelial cells (ECs) and hematopoietic stem cells develop from common stem cells called hemangioblasts in the early embryonic period. However, the presence of hemangioblasts in the postnatal period is controversial. In this study, JAK2 gene variants were examined in patients with atherosclerotic carotid disease and without any hematological malignancies. Materials and Methods: Ten consecutive patients (8 men and 2 women) with symptomatic atherosclerotic carotid stenosis were included in this study. ECs (CD31+CD45-) + CD45- ) were separated from tissue samples taken by carotid endarterectomy.JAK2variants were JAK2 variants were examined in ECs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and oral epithelial cells of the patients with next-generation sequencing. Results: The median age of the patients was 74 (range: 58-80) years and the median body mass index value was 24.44 (range: 18.4230.85) kg/m2. 2 . Smoking history was present in 50%, hypertension in 80%, diabetes in 70%, and ischemic heart disease in 70% of the cases. The JAK2 V617F mutation was detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 3 of the 10 patients, and 2 patients also had the JAK2 V617F mutation in their ECs. The JAK2 V617F mutation was not found in the oral epithelial cells of any of the patients. Conclusion: In this study, for the first time in the literature, we showed that the JAK2 V617F mutation was found somatically in both peripheral blood cells and ECs in patients with atherosclerosis. This finding may support that ECs and hematopoietic cells originate from a common clone or that somatic mutations can be transmitted to ECs by other mechanisms. Examining the molecular and functional changes caused by the JAK2 V617F mutation in ECs may help open a new avenue for treating atherosclerosis.Öğe Examining Perceived Stress and Individualized Care Practices by Senior Nursing Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic(Galenos Publ House, 2024) Vaizoglu, Dogancan; Acaroglu, RenginObjective: This research was conducted to analyze the perceptions of senior nursing students regarding stress and individualized care during the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Method: The research was conducted between May and June 2021 with 194 senior nursing students. Data collection was conducted using a structured information form, perceived stress scale (PSS), and the individualized care scale-A-nurse version (ICS-A-nurse). Results: It was found that the stress experiences of the students were moderate. Their perception of individualized care was at a good level. A highly significant statistically negative correlation existed between the PSS mean scores and the ICS-A-nurse total mean scores in addition to the mean scores in all sub-dimensions (p<0.001). Conclusion: It was determined that the higher the level of stress students perceived during the COVID-19 pandemic, the more negative their perceptions of individualized care became. Adequate personal protective equipment should be available in clinics during clinical applications and clinical practice training should be planned for intern nursing students during possible pandemic processes. It is also suggested that nursing students should use methods of coping with stress in pandemic situations and develop skills and behaviors to protect themselves, their families, and society from infectious diseases.Öğe Evaluation on Whether the Blockage of Pledged Receivables Credited to the Concordat Debtor's Bank Account Can Be Lifted by a Court Decision under Art.287 DEBL(Istanbul Univ, Fac Law, 2024) Taskin, Zeynep DamlaAs per Art.285 of the Debt Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law, any debtor who fails to perform his or her due obligations or who is under such a threat may request concordat to perform his or her obligations by way of postponement and/or reduction; or to avoid a possible bankruptcy situation. The court would then grant a provisional period and be entitled to take the conservatory measures necessary to preserve the debtor's assets (Art 285 DEBL). Although the lawmaker has abstained from listing possible measures, unblocking a blocked bank account is frequently requested in practise. If accepted, the debtor would clearly benefit from this measure. The debtor, who has already had a hard time performing his/her duties, may not overcome this financial setback without access to his/her account. However, debtors are not the only people affected by such a measure. The bank, which blocks the debtor's account, usually intends to preserve the receivable credited to that account so that it can enjoy its pledge on that receivable in case the debtor fails to fulfil its obligations. The severity of consequences that the pledgee will have to bear if the blockage is lifted is self-explanatory. Nevertheless, no unanimous opinion has been reached on whether the courts may grant this measure relying on Art.287 DEBL. The contradictory court rulings also prove this. This article aims to discuss whether Art. 287 DEBL could be the legal basis for such measures by focusing on the legal grounds presented in rulings where they are sought.Öğe Emotion Norms and International Securitization in Foreign Policy Analysis: The Official Russian Narratives on the Ukrainian-Russian War(Uluslararasi Iliskiler Konseyi Dernegi, 2025) Kosen, Mustafa Gokcan; Gezer, S. GokceForeign Policy Analysis (FPA) literature overlooks the role of emotion norms and narratives towards international audiences in the securitization process. This article addresses these two under-explored aspects of the securitization framework in FPA. First, it investigates the role of the international audience, a crucial yet largely under-theorized component in securitizing moves. Second, it analyzes the emotion norms intertwined with speech acts that construct the Russian Federation's position towards international audiences by leveraging various emotions. In doing so, this research deconstructs the speeches of Russia's permanent representative to the United Nations (UN), Vasily Nebenzya, on the Ukraine-Russia war, targeting international audiences, particularly at the UN. It also explores how securitizing moves are linked with emotion norms to frame the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Russophobia in Nebenzya's narratives at the UN in 2022, before and after the Battle of Kyiv.Öğe Cultural Competencies and Gender in Psychotherapy: A Qualitative Study on the Professional Experiences of Male Psychotherapists(Odtu- Ayna Klinik Psikoloji Destek Unitesi, 2025) Siper, Yasar Tunc; Ustunel, Anil OzgePsychotherapists' professional development processes are an important, yet understudied issue in the literature, especially in Turkiye. One of the most critical areas of professional development is cultural competence, and gender awareness is a significant dimension of it. Few studies pointed out the effects of traditional masculinity norms on professional development and revealed the conflicts about emotions, authority, and boundaries experienced by male psychotherapists. Although developmental and social dimensions of masculinity in Turkiye are extensively studied, research examining its impact on the practice of psychotherapy and psychotherapists' professional development is limited. Thus, the current study aimed to examine male psychotherapists' experiences from a gendered perspective. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 male psychotherapists aged between 27-52 having 3-20 years of experience. The data was analyzed with thematic analysis and revealed three main themes: a) Transforming masculinity roles through being a psychotherapist, b) Difficulties in the psychotherapy relationship, and c) Tensions and doubts caused by the profession. Findings showed that participants try to distance themselves from traditional masculinity and define an alternative role while experiencing doubts and inadequacies professionally due to stereotypes about masculinity and financial concerns. The findings also indicated that psychotherapists had difficulties in working with emotions with male patients, and in establishing trusting relationships with female patients, and they feared being accused of sexual harassment. The findings drew attention to the gender-based conflicts of male psychotherapists in Turkiye. Some educational and professional suggestions are discussed in relation to cultural competence and ethics. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.Öğe Psychosocial Services Provided to Cancer Patients and Nurses' Difficulties in Psychosocial Assessment and Intervention: A Nationwide Study(Ataturk Univ, 2024) Yildirim, Nazmiye; Guner, Perihan; Inci, FigenObjective: The study mainly aims to determine the current state of psychosocial services offered to cancer patients and the views of nurses regarding the ways to meet patients' psychosocial needs. Other aims to evaluate barriers to meeting patients' psychosocial needs and measure nurses' difficulty level of psychosocial assessment and intervention practices. Methods: This multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted with 1189 nurses providing direct care to adult cancer patients in 32 hospitals in 12 geographical regions of T & uuml;rkiye. The data were collected by a survey prepared in accordance with the aims of the study. Results: Three-quarters of the participants reported that their hospital has psychosocial support services while 67.7% stated that this service was provided by psychiatry consultation. Nearly half (49%) stated that all healthcare professionals are responsible for meeting patients' psychosocial needs, especially it is an integral part of their nursing duties. However, organizational conditions (48.2%-30.7%) are the most important barriers to meeting the psychosocial needs of the patients. Participants have difficulty mostly in assessing and intervening in psychosocial needs of patients mostly in sexual problems and rejection of treatment, and least in patients' reactions to illness. Also, the participants have more difficulty in assessing seven of the 19 psychosocial dimensions and intervening in five ( P< .05). Conclusion: This study may be contributed to better structuring of psychosocial services in T & uuml;rkiye. It can also guide the planning of psychosocial care training. Institutional barriers need to be overcome, especially the nurse-patient ratio, and the psychosocial care capacity of nurses should be improved.Öğe University Librarians’ Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence, Its Application Areas in Libraries, and the Future(University and Research Librarians Association (UNAK), 2024) Çuhadar, Sami; Mert, Selma; Gezer, Çağatay; Helvacioğlu, Ece; Arus, Oya; Aslan, Özlem; Atli, SongülToday, libraries are among the institutions affected by changing technology and innovations. The popularization of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has also begun to transform library services. In this research, a survey was conducted to determine the adjustments that university libraries in Turkey have made and plan to make during the development process of AI technologies and applications, and to identify the services they have developed specific to the relevant period. The survey was carried out with the participation of 111 university library managers from 208 university libraries in Turkey. Through the analysis of the data, the status, knowledge, and awareness levels of university libraries regarding AI technologies and applications were determined, and measures and recommendations were presented to improve deficiencies and weaknesses. This research is the first and most comprehensive study conducted in Turkey by obtaining opinions and suggestions from university library managers on artificial intelligence. The research findings revealed that university libraries use AI applications such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Grammarly to a certain extent; however, they have needs in developing institutional policies, enhancing personnel competencies, and planning related to AI. © 2024 University and Research Librarians Association (UNAK). All rights reserved.Öğe Discovery of Potential PD-1 and PD-L1 Interaction Inhibitors Using Combined Molecular Modeling Approaches(Adiyaman University, 2025) Ulucan, ÖzlemImmune checkpoints are regulators of the immune system that maintain immune homeostasis and prevent autoimmunity. Cancer cells often manipulate immune checkpoint mechanisms to escape anti-tumor immune response by overexpressing the immune checkpoint ligands. Thus, the interactions between the immune checkpoint receptors and ligands attracted attention and were proven to be effective targets in treating cancer. In this study, combining several computational approaches, we discovered small molecules that effectively bind to the ligand Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and have the potential to hamper its interaction with the negative immune checkpoint receptor Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (PD-1). Different pharmacophore models were constructed using triple and quadruple combinations of the interface residues on PD-1, which were used later for scanning the ZINC15 database. 12714 small molecules were retrieved and virtually screened using molecular docking calculations. The complexes of promising small molecules with PD-L1 were further evaluated using energetic and structural analyses. Our results suggest that the three small molecules ZINC21075815, ZINC70692276, and ZINC64031730 retrieved from the ZINC15 database establish stable and energetically favorable interactions with PD-L1 at the hot region consisting of the residues Tyr 56, Glu 58, Arg 113, Met 115, and Tyr 123. These molecules can be used as a starting point to develop more effective and selective anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. © 2025, Adiyaman University. All rights reserved.Öğe The Effect of Organizational Commitment to Innovative Work Behaviors Among Nurses(Association of Executive Nurses, 2024) Elibol, Esengül; Tarhan, Merve; Saçan, SümeyyeBackground: Rapidly developing information and technology require the employment of nurses with innovative work behaviors in health care systems. Making nurses' innovative behaviors visible is possible by improving their commitment to the organization. Aim: This study aimed to determine the relationship between organizational commitment and innovative work behaviors within the framework of social exchange theory. Method: This study which was planned in a descriptive and cross-sectional design was conducted with 235 nurses working in hospitals on the European side of Istanbul between June and July 2022. Data were collected through a self-report-based survey consisting of three parts: individual and professional characteristics form, Organizational Commitment Scale, and Innovative Behavior Scale. Descriptive tests, independent groups t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and simple and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. Results: It was determined that nurses' organizational commitment was at a medium level (Mean=2.97; SD=0.68) and their innovative work behavior was above a moderate level (Mean=3.90; SD=0.72). It was determined that there was a positive, significant relationship between nurses' organizational commitment levels and innovative work behaviors (r=0.20; p<0.05). Nurses' organizational commitment level explained 4% of their innovative work behaviors (F=9.758; p<0.01; R2=0.04). It was determined that a one-point increase in the organizational commitment level increased innovative work behaviors by 0.215 points (B=0.215; p<0.01). Conclusion: It was concluded that nurses' organizational commitment levels affected their innovative work behaviors. It is recommended that nurse managers identify and evaluate the antecedents to increasing organizational commitment and plan strategies to develop innovative organizational culture. © 2024 The Authors. Published by Association of Nurse Managers.Öğe Development of PCL/PVA/PCL scaffold for local delivery of calcium fructoborate for bone tissue engineering(Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mining Research Agency, 2024) Dalgic, Ali DenizCalcium fructoborate (CaFB) has gathered attention due to its boron and calcium content, both of which are known to support bone health, deposition and regeneration. Previous studies have shown that CaFB has a positive effect on bone health and has been proven to promote bone-like properties. In light of this information, a local CaFB delivering scaffold could improve bone regeneration in cases of bone tissue loss. This study aimed to design a layer-by-layer polymeric sponge capable of achieving controlled local delivery of CaFB to improve bone tissue healing. The dose-dependent effect of CaFB on the cell viability of the Saos-2 cell line was investigated in vitro. Layer-by-layer structure of the polymeric scaffold supported controlled release of CaFB, with 33.9±7.4% released after 7 days of incubation. CaFB at 31.25 µg/mL concentration was able to improve Saos-2 cell viability up to 174.7±24.1% and 127.7±8.7% after 1 and 4 days of incubation. After 7 days of incubation CaFB treatment at concentrations of 250, 125, 62.5 and 31.25 µg/mL improved cell viability up to 194.3±47.7, 155.3±17.7, 149.4±5.4 and 132.5±13.3%. The polycaprolactone/polyvinyl alcohol/polycaprolactone (PCL/PVA/PCL) scaffold supported the viability of cells for 7 days and was shown to be biocompatible. The results of this study showed that CaFB is a potential compound that can be locally delivered within a scaffold system to improve bone tissue regeneration. © 2024, Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mining Research Agency. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of Perceived Stress on Sleep Quality and Nutritional Status in Professional Female Basketball Players(Pamukkale University, 2025) Çetin, Neslihan; Köse, BerilAthletes face not only physical strength but also intense psychological stress that leads to sleep problems. It is known that one way to manage stress is to make changes in food intake. This study examined the relationship between perceived stress levels, sleep quality, and nutritional status in professional women basketball players. Eighty adult professional women basketball players (age ? 19) in the competitive season competing in the Women's Basketball Super League and the lower league Women's Basketball League affiliated with the Turkish Basketball Federation participated in the study. The survey included player characteristics, anthropometric measurements, food consumption frequency, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) sections. The mean score of the basketball players participating in the survey from PSS-10 was 19.3±6.66. The perceived stress level and perception of stress discomfort were significantly higher in the women's league (p <0.05). The mean PSQI total score of the basketball players was 5.9±2.91. In this study, 43.75% of basketball players were found to have good sleep quality, and 56.25% had poor sleep quality. This study's findings showed that the relationship between basketball players’ low self-efficacy scores and average daily fiber intake was negative, and sleep quality worsened as perceived stress levels increased (p <0.05). Athletes are affected by stress, sleep quality, and dietary choices, all of which significantly affect their performance. It is essential to monitor individual athletes' energy and nutrient intake. Understanding the impact of stress on sleep disorders and nutritional factors is crucial for assessment and management. © 2025 The Author(s)Öğe Circular economy awareness and motivations in the furniture industry: İnegöl as a microcosm of global south dynamics(DergiPark, 2024) Bayraktaroğlu, Serkan; Soylu, YaseminThis study examines the distinctive characteristics of circular economy (CE) transitions in the Global South with the aim of elucidating the complex dynamics. The furniture cluster in İnegöl, Türkiye, is employed as a case study. A circular economy awareness survey is employed to illustrate the current perspective of the industry. In total, 40 companies from the cluster were reached, and the results were analysed using thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. Furthermore, a semi-structured interview was conducted with a key figure within the ecosystem to gain a deeper understanding of the barriers and motivations for potential CE transitions. The study’s key findings reveal that companies operating in the Global South have less awareness of the coverage of CE with applications confined to waste reduction and energy efficiency in comparison to the Global North. Additionally, new design and innovation efforts are not identified among the expected benefits related to implementing CE. This paper highlights the fact that exporting companies from the Global South may face challenges for sustaining their competitive advantage in EU markets, particularly after the 2026 Net Zero CO2 Plan due to their limited understanding of CE. © 2024, DergiPark. All rights reserved.Öğe Issue of Essence in Acting on The Axis of Singularity and Community(Istanbul University Press, 2024) Elçin, SeçilIn this study, Jean-Luc Nancy’s The Inoperative Community, Maurice Blanchot’s The Unavowable Community, and Giorgio Agamben’s The Coming Community will be examined to discuss the issue of essence shaped around the concepts of singularity and community. If essence is read as an approach attributed to individuals through an appropriation or a definition, including: a quality, an identity, and a belonging that makes one immanent to themselves; this approach constitutes an obstacle to interaction, change, and transformation while restricting the area of community and the acting space in the actor’s relationship with their stage partners. Because the opportunity that includes the potential to carry the actor to the fictional/creative field, in Lacoue-Labarthe’s words, is hidden in the fact that they do not appropriate any quality in their body as their own. In this regard, Ecstasy as a matter of boundary and a state of opening up to what is outside (external) has an important place both for singularities that open up to community and for the actor who finds the opportunity to open up to the creative field together with the other. © 2024, Istanbul University Press. All rights reserved.Öğe I Close My Eyes, and I Travel: Imaginary Travel in Susan Sontag’s Play Alice in Bed(Istanbul University Press, 2024) Kaya, NilaySusan Sontag’s 1993 play Alice in Bed focuses on Alice James, a historical figure from the 19th century who, despite having a privileged education and lifestyle, was unable to fulfill her own dreams. She lived in the shadow of her novelist brother Henry James and her other famous brother, psychologist, and thinker William James. Drawing from Alice James’ diaries published posthumously, Sontag breathes life into her, concentrating on the times when she was bedridden in her sickroom in London, having struggled with illness for most of her life. The sixth scene of the play is set entirely in Alice’s mind and depicts an imaginary journey to Rome. This scene can be considered as a distinct genre in literature, is privileged in narratives of imaginary travel, and points to the efforts a socially very precarious woman in the 19th century made to construct an autonomous identity. © 2024, Istanbul University Press. All rights reserved.Öğe Criminalisation of Sex Work: A Critical Approach to Criminalisation Theories from a Human Rights Perspective(Istanbul University Press, 2024) Ekinci, BaşakCriminalisation is a popular legal approach to sex work. It adopts the view that sex work is harmful and wrong both for sex workers and the community. This argument seemingly coincides with fundamental principles of criminalisation, namely harm and wrong principles. However, I provide a new approach to criminalisation theories which introduces a real restriction on the state’s authority to criminalise. In doing so, I first discuss that harm and wrong principles are only defining principles which determine the scope of behaviours that can be considered within the criminal law realm. On the other hand, the restricting principles, namely those of proportionality and prohibition of discrimination, determine the boundaries of the state’s authority to criminalise the defined harmful wrongdoings. After I apply the defining principles to sex work, I investigate whether the restricting principles give countervailing reasons against criminalisation. The conclusion is that, unless it is proven to be contrary in a specific jurisdiction, sex work should not be criminalised because prima facie reasons cannot turn into all-things-considered reasons to justify criminalisation of sex work. © 2024 Istanbul University Press. All rights reserved.Öğe Evaluation of Okmeydanı within the Framework of Lefebvre’s “Production of Space” Theory(Selim Hilmi Ozkan, 2025) Boşdurmaz, Nurcan; Avcı, OğulcanThis study examines the physical, social, and symbolic transformation of Okmeydanı during the Ottoman period in light of Henri Lefebvre's theory of the production of space. The process began with Fatih Sultan Mehmed’s endowment of Okmeydanı for archery and religious rituals after the conquest of Istanbul. Over time, the area evolved to serve various functions, including sacred space, military site, and venue for festivals and feasts. Sultan Mehmed's use of Okmeydanı as an army base during the siege and its designation for prayer and archery after the conquest increased its symbolic and strategic significance. The religious importance of archery in Islam further sanctified the area, strengthened by ritual practices and the placement of range markers by archers. During the reign of Ahmed III, Okmeydanı hosted grand festivals and gradually evolved into a hub for social and sporting events. As firearms gained prominence, Okmeydanı became a military depot and training ground. Despite efforts to preserve the area in the Republican period, Okmeydanı underwent further transformation into a modern space for sports, social activities, and urban settlement. Throughout its history, there has been constant interaction between represented, lived, and representational spaces. In this context, Okmeydanı’s evolution demonstrates how space is continually produced and transformed through social dynamics, preserving its role as a site of memory that intertwines Ottoman religious and military heritage with social relations and ideological representations. © 2025, Selim Hilmi Ozkan. All rights reserved.Öğe Sahne, Perde, Ekran Oyuncularının Bağımlı Çalışması(2025) Emrağ, Seda ErgüneşSahne, perde ve ekran oyuncularının hukuki statüleri hukukumuzda düzenlenmemiş olup konu tartışılmalıdır. Yargıtay’ın görüşü söz konusu kişilerin bağımsız çalıştığı yönündedir. Ancak sahne, perde ve ekran oyuncuları da pekâlâ bağımlı çalışabilir diğer bir deyişle işçi sıfatını taşıyabilirler. Oyuncuların işçi olduğunu tespit edebilmek için yapımcı ve oyuncu arasındaki sözleşmesel ilişkinin, iş sözleşmesi olduğu tespit edilmedir. Bunun için de somut olayda, iş sözleşmesinin unsurları olan iş görme, ücret ve bağımlılık unsurları ortaya konmalıdır. Bu aşamada iş görme ve ücret unsurlarını tespit etmek güçlük teşkil etmeyeceksek de bağımlılığın tespiti kolay olmayacaktır. Oyuncu ve yapımcı arasındaki hukuki ilişkide bağımlılık araştırılırken oyuncunun çalışmasının özellikleri dikkate alınarak, Yargıtay’ın bağımlılığı tespitte kullandığı ölçütlerden yararlanılmalıdır. Bu ölçütler işin yönetimi ve gerçek denetiminin kimde olduğu, ücretin ödenme biçimi, işletme riskinin kimin üstlendiği, işin yapılma zamanını kimin belirlediği ve iş araç ile malzemelerinin kim tarafından sağlandığı olarak sıralanabilir. Sonuç olarak, söz konusu çalışma biçimini, somut olay dikkate alınmaksızın, mutlak olarak bağımlı veya bağımsız çalışma olarak nitelendirmek hukuken doğru olmayacaktır. Uygulamadaki problemleri ortadan kaldırmak için Fransız hukukunda olduğu gibi İş Kanunu’nda oyuncuların bağımlı çalıştığı yönünde bir karineye yer verilebilir. Oyuncular belirli süreli sözleşme ile çalışabilirler. Yaptıkları iş, genel olarak değişim ihtiyacı barındırdığı için belirli süreli sözleşme için İş Kanunu’nda aranan objektif koşul şartı sağlanacaktır.
